Ukubaluleka Kokuvavanya Izalathisi Ezisibhozo Zomhlaba Oqhelekileyo
Umhlaba usebenza njengesiseko semveliso yezolimo kunye neendawo ezingqongileyo. Iimpawu zawo zomzimba nezekhemikhali zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nempilo yendawo engqongileyo. Ukuchonga izalathisi ezisibhozo zomhlaba eziqhelekileyo yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuvavanya umgangatho womhlaba. Ngokuvavanya ixabiso le-pH yomhlaba, umxholo wezinto eziphilayo, umxholo we-nitrogen iyonke, umxholo we-phosphorus okhoyo, umxholo we-potassium okhoyo, ubume bomhlaba, izinto ezilandelwayo zomhlaba, kunye nomxholo wesinyithi esinzima, sinokufumana ukuqonda okubanzi kweemeko zomhlaba ezisisiseko kwaye sinike isiseko sesayensi solawulo nokusetyenziswa komhlaba. Eli nqaku lichaza ngokucwangcisiweyo iinkcazo zezi zalathisi zisibhozo, amaxabiso abhekisayo emigangatho yomgangatho wokusingqongileyo komhlaba, kunye nokubaluleka kwazo kwendalo.
01 Uvavanyo lwexabiso le-pH yomhlaba
Ixabiso le-pH luphawu oluphambili lokulinganisa ubumuncu bomhlaba kunye ne-alkalinity, nto leyo echaphazela ngqo ukuchuma komhlaba kunye nokukhula kwezityalo. Ngovavanyo lwexabiso le-pH, sinokubona ukuba umhlaba ufanelekile na ukukhula kwesityalo kwaye senze amanyathelo okulungisa afanelekileyo.
02 Uvavanyo lwezinto eziphilayo zomhlaba
Izinto eziphilayo zezinye zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekuchumeni komhlaba, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisakhiwo somhlaba, amandla okugcina amanzi, ukungena komoya, kunye nomsebenzi weentsholongwane. Ukuvavanya izinto eziphilayo zomhlaba kusinceda siqonde imeko yokuchumelisa umhlaba kwaye kubonelela ngesiseko sokuchumisa okunengqiqo.
03 Uvavanyo lweNitrogen iyonke yoMhlaba
I-nitrogen iyonke ibhekisa kumxholo opheleleyo we-nitrogen emhlabeni, oyinto ebalulekileyo kwisondlo ekukhuleni kwezityalo. Uvavanyo lwe-nitrogen iyonke lunokubonakalisa amandla okubonelela nge-nitrogen emhlabeni kwaye lunike isikhokelo sokusetyenziswa kwesichumiso se-nitrogen.
04 Uvavanyo lwePhosphorus olufumanekayo emhlabeni
I-phosphorus ekhoyo ibonisa umxholo we-phosphorus emhlabeni onokufunxwa kwaye usetyenziswe zizityalo. Njengento ephambili ekukhuleni kwezityalo, i-phosphorus ichaphazela kakhulu isivuno kunye nomgangatho wesivuno. Uvavanyo lwe-phosphorus olufumanekayo lusenza sikwazi ukuvavanya imeko yokubonelela nge-phosphorus emhlabeni kwaye sikhokele ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi ze-phosphorus.
05 Uvavanyo lwePotassium olufumanekayo kuMhlaba
I-potassium ekhoyo ibhekisa kumxholo we-potassium emhlabeni onokufunxwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye usetyenziswe zizityalo. I-potassium inefuthe elibonakalayo ekumelaneni noxinzelelo lwezityalo, isivuno, kunye nomgangatho. Ngokuvavanya i-potassium ekhoyo, singavavanya amandla okubonelela nge-potassium emhlabeni kwaye sinike isiseko sokusetyenziswa kwesichumiso se-potassium.
06 Uvavanyo lokuKhangela koMhlaba
Ubume bomhlaba bubhekisa kumxholo weesuntswana ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo emhlabeni, nto leyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukungena komoya emhlabeni, amandla okugcina amanzi, kunye nokukhula kweengcambu. Ngovavanyo lobume bomhlaba, sinokumisela uhlobo lomhlaba kunye neempawu zawo, sinike isiseko sokutyala izityalo kunye nolawulo lomhlaba.
07 Uvavanyo lweZinto zoMkhondo woMhlaba
Izinto ezilandelelanayo zizinto eziyimfuneko ekukhuleni kwezityalo. Nangona izityalo zineemfuno eziphantsi kuzo, zibalulekile ekukhuleni kwezityalo nasekuvuneni kwazo. Ukuvavanya izinto ezilandelelanayo zomhlaba kusinceda siqonde umxholo kunye nokusasazwa kwezinto ezilandelelanayo emhlabeni, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukongezwa kwezinto ezifunekayo.
08 Uvavanyo lweNsimbi enzima yomhlaba
Ungcoliseko lwesinyithi esinzima yingxaki enkulu ejongene nokusingqongileyo komhlaba okwangoku. Uvavanyo lwesinyithi esinzima lusenza sikwazi ukuvavanya ubungakanani bongcoliseko lwesinyithi esinzima emhlabeni, sinike isiseko sokwenza amanyathelo okuthintela nokulawula, kwaye siqinisekise ukhuseleko lwemveliso yezolimo kunye nempilo yendalo.
Itheyibhile yokubhekisa kwiMigangatho yoMgangatho weNdalo yoMhlaba
Itshati yokubhekisa: Amaxabiso asemgangathweni oMgangatho woBume boMhlaba (Iyunithi: mg/kg)
| Izinto | Inqanaba 1 (Imvelaphi yendalo) | Inqanaba lesi-2 (pH | Inqanaba lesi-2 (pH 6.5 - 7.5) | Inqanaba lesi-2 (pH > 7.5) | Inqanaba lesi-3 (pH > 6.5) |
| I-Cadmium (i-Cd) ≤ | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.60 | 1.0 |
| I-Mercury (Hg) ≤ | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.50 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
| I-Arsenic (As) ≤ (Amasimi ePaddy) | 15 | 30 | 25 | 20 | 30 |
| I-Arsenic (As) ≤ (Umhlaba owomileyo) | 15 | 40 | 30 | 25 | 40 |
| Ubhedu (Cu) ≤ (Ifama, njl.njl.) | 35 | 50 | 100 | 100 | 400 |
| Ubhedu (Cu) ≤ (Iigadi zeziqhamo) | - | 150 | 200 | 200 | 400 |
| Inkokeli (Pb) ≤ | 35 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 500 |
| IChromium (Cr) ≤ (Amasimi ePaddy) | 90 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 |
| I-Chromium (Cr) ≤ (Umhlaba owomileyo) | 90 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 |
| I-Zinc (Zn) ≤ | 100 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 500 |
| I-Nickel (Ni) ≤ | 40 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 200 |
Ukusetyenziswa kweZibonakaliso eziSibhozo zeMhlaba kwiMveliso yeZolimo
1. Iingcebiso zoLawulo loMhlaba
Kwimveliso yezolimo, ukuvavanywa kwezikhombisi ezisibhozo zomhlaba kunokubonelela abalimi ngeengcebiso zesayensi zolawulo lomhlaba. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo, abalimi banokufumana ulwazi ngeemeko ezithile zomhlaba, ngaloo ndlela bekhetha iintlobo zezityalo ngendlela ejolise kuzo, bequlunqa izicwangciso zokuchumisa, kwaye bemisela amaqhinga okunkcenkceshela. Umzekelo, ukuba ixabiso le-pH yomhlaba liphantsi, abalimi banokulungisa i-acidity yomhlaba kunye ne-alkalinity ngokusebenzisa ikalika kunye nezinye izinto; ukuba umxholo wezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni awonelanga, amanyathelo anjengokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwesichumiso se-organic okanye ukufakwa kwengca kunokusetyenziswa ukuphucula ukuchuma komhlaba.
2. Idatha yoPhando lweSayensi yezoLimo
Uvavanyo lwezikhombisi ezisibhozo zomhlaba lukwabonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo yophando lwesayensi yezolimo. Ngokuvavanya nokuhlalutya umhlaba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo nakwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo, singatyhila ubudlelwane phakathi kokuchuma komhlaba nokukhula kwezityalo, sinike isiseko sokuqulunqa amanyathelo olawulo lwezolimo anzulu nafanelekileyo.
3. Imveliso yezoLimo kunye noKhuselo lweNdalo
Uvavanyo lwezikhombisi ezisibhozo zomhlaba yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuvavanya umgangatho womhlaba kunye nokuchuma kwawo, kwaye lubaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso yezolimo kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo. Sifanele siqinise uvavanyo kunye nokubeka iliso lomhlaba, ukuze siphucule ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwezixhobo zomhlaba kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Izixhobo zovavanyo ezicetyiswayo ezinxulumene noko
Isivavanyeli seParamitha yoMhlaba omninzi
Iimpawu zeMveliso
(1) Imisebenzi yoMsingathi
● Umsingathi usebenzisa uyilo olusebenzisa amandla aphantsi kunye nesikrini se-LCD saseTshayina. Ingabonisa inzwa yexesha langempela - idatha eqokelelweyo, indawo yangoku ye-GPS, inqanaba lebhetri, usasazo lwelizwi, umsebenzi we-alamu, umhla wangoku, umthamo wokugcina, kunye nenani ledatha egciniweyo. Ikwavumela ukuseta ixesha lokugcina idatha.
● Ixhotyiswe ngomsebenzi wothumelo olungenazingcingo owakhelwe ngaphakathi (onganyanzelekanga) wokulayisha nge-GPRS. Idatha elinganisiweyo ingathunyelwa kwiseva ngexesha langempela ngokucofa kube kanye okanye ngexesha lokuthumela elimiselweyo. Abasebenzisi banokujonga kwaye bakhuphele idatha kwiphepha lewebhu logama nje benokufikelela kwi-Intanethi, nokuba bakweyiphi na indawo.
● I-host inememori yangaphakathi yeFlash ekwaziyo ukugcina idatha engama-30,000, kwaye iza nekhadi lememori eliqhelekileyo le-4G lokugcina idatha ngokungenamda. Idatha ingagcinwa ngaxeshanye kwikhadi lememori nakwiFlash.
● Umsingathi angaqhagamshela kwiisensa ezahlukeneyo ngehabhu ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukuchaneka kokulinganisa. Angaqhagamshela ukuya kuthi ga kwiintlobo ezili-16 zeesensa kunye neesensa ezingama-32 ubuninzi, kunye nentambo yonxibelelwano yesensa efikelela kumgama ophezulu weemitha ezili-100.
(2) Imisebenzi yeKhompyutha ephezulu
● Iiparameter zokubonisa, iindlela ze-process curve, amaxabiso aphezulu, amaxabiso amancinci, kunye namaxabiso aphakathi kwisensor nganye. Ikwaxhasa imisebenzi efana nokwandisa nokukhupha.
● Idatha yokulinganisa yesenzi ngasinye igcinwa kwifomathi ye-Excel. Iingxelo zedatha kunye neegrafu zinokujongwa ngokukhetha amaxesha athile kwaye ziprintwe ngekhompyutha. Ii-curve coordinates zinokususwa kwaye zisetwe, okuvumela uhlalutyo olucacileyo lwedatha yembali.
● Inomsebenzi wokubhala imibala kwiindawo ezidlula umda, ukuqinisekisa ukuboniswa okubonakalayo nokulula.